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Dashboards often provide at-a-glance views of KPIs (key performance indicators) relevant to a particular objective or business process (e.g. sales, marketing, human resources, or production).〔Michael Alexander and John Walkenbach, ''Excel Dashboards and Reports'' (Wiley, 2010)〕 The term dashboard originates from the automobile dashboard where drivers monitor the major functions at a glance via the instrument cluster. Dashboards give signs about a business letting the user know something is wrong or something is right. The corporate world has tried for years to come up with a solution that would tell them if their business needed maintenance or if the temperature of their business was running above normal. Dashboards typically are limited to show summaries, key trends, comparisons, and exceptions. There are four Key elements to a good dashboard:.〔Victoria Hetherington, ''Dashboard Demystified: What is a Dashboard?'' (Hetherington, 2009)〕 #Simple, communicates easily #Minimum distractions...it could cause confusion #Supports organized business with meaning and useful data #Applies human visual perception to visual presentation of information In management information systems, a dashboard is ''"An easy to read, often single page, real-time user interface, showing a graphical presentation of the current status (snapshot) and historical trends of an organization’s key performance indicators (KPIs) to enable instantaneous and informed decisions to be made at a glance."''〔Peter McFadden CEO of ExcelDashboardWidgets ''"What is Dashboard Reporting"''. Retrieved: 2012-05-10.〕 ==History== Early predecessors of the modern business dashboard were first developed in the 1980s in the form of Executive Information Systems (EISs). Due to problems primarily with data refreshing and handling, it was soon realized that the approach wasn’t practical as information was often incomplete, unreliable, and spread across too many disparate sources.〔Steven Few, ''Information Dashboard Design: The Effective Visual Communication of Data'' (O'Reilly, 2006)〕 Thus, EISs hibernated until the 1990s when the information age quickened pace and data warehousing, and online analytical processing (OLAP) allowed dashboards to function adequately. Despite the availability of enabling technologies, the dashboard use didn't become popular until later in that decade, with the rise of key performance indicators (KPIs), and the introduction of Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton's Balanced Scorecard.〔Wayne W. Eckerson, ''Performance Dashboards: Measuring, Monitoring, and Managing Your Business'' (Wiley , 2010)〕 Today, the use of dashboards forms an important part of Business Performance Management (BPM). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dashboard (business)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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